Which of the following types of reproduction results in increased genetic variation?

• A. Asexual reproduction
• B. Sexual reproduction
• C. Binary fission
• D. Budding

Answer: (B)

Sexual reproduction is the process that leads to increased genetic variation. This occurs because sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes—sperm and egg from two different parents. Each gamete carries a unique combination of genes due to meiosis, where homologous chromosomes undergo recombination and independent assortment. As a result, offspring produced through sexual reproduction inherit a mix of traits from both parents, generating a greater diversity in the genetic makeup of the population.

This increased genetic variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation, as it enhances a population's ability to respond to environmental changes and challenges. In contrast, methods like asexual reproduction, binary fission, and budding typically produce genetically identical offspring, leading to less variability within the population. Hence, sexual reproduction is the clear avenue for fostering genetic diversity in a species.